X-ray absorption spectroscopy: XAS

A method for studying chemical composition, local atomic structure and oxidation state of materials, using X-ray radiation.

Experimental stations: ASTRA, DEMETER, PHELIX, PIRX

X-ray magnetic circular/linear dichroism: XMCD/XMLD

A method for studying magnetic properties of matter, with chemical sensitivity, based on the difference in the absorption coefficient of differently polarized X-ray radiation.

Experimental station: DEMETER, PHELIX, PIRX

Photoelectron spectroscopy: PS

A method for studying the electronic structure and chemical state of materials (oxidation state, chemical bond type), using UV or X-ray radiation.

Experimental stations: URANOS, PHELIX

Laboratory method: Auger electron spectroscopy: AES

A method for studying the composition of materials, based on measuring the binding energy of electrons, emitted by the excited atoms in the Auger process.

Experimental stations: DEMETER, URANOS, PHELIX, PEEM, PIRX

Laboratory method: Low energy electron diffraction: LEED 

A method for studying crystallographic ordering of the surfaces of different materials, identification of surface reconstructions and superstructures and estimating the crystalline domain size.

Experimental stations: DEMETER, PIRX, URANOS, PHELIX

Photoelectron emission microscopy: PEEM

A surface imaging method, based on the analysis of the photoelectrons emitted by the sample, with chemical and magnetic resolution.

Experimental stations: DEMETER

Cryo - electron microscopy: CryoEM

An imaging method used primarily for solving the structure of proteins and other biomolecules without crystallization, based on their interaction with the focused electron beam.

Experimental stations: CryoEM