LEED is a laboratory/auxiliary method. It is based on the diffraction of a low-energy electron beam by the crystalline materials. It allows for the determination of the symmetry and physical structure of surfaces, including the size of crystalline domains, or adsorbates’ structure.

The technique is surface – sensitive and the signal is collected from a few atomic layers. It allows for the characterization of surface phases of crystalline materials.

LEED method can be used in the following industries:

• electronics (surface structure of semiconductors, arrangement of adsorbates on the surface, passivation processes)
• surface engineering (thin films, changes of the surface composition due to the temperature or the presence of adatoms).

LEED method is available on the following beamlines:

• URANOS
• PHELIX
• PIRX
• DEMETER.